The Role of Evidence in the Criminal Justice System Essay

The Role of Evidence in the Criminal Justice System I. Introduction Evidence is the key element in determining the guilt or innocence of those accused of the crimes against society in a criminal court of law. But in order to understand magnitude and necessity of evidence as a it relates to the criminal justice system one must know what are the five (5) key issues and or points regarding evidence. The first is what truly is evidence is it written documentation, is it expert testimony, is it hearsay (oral uncorroborated statements) in a matter of fact way it can be all just mentioned, none just mentioned, or some just mentioned and others as well. After understanding what truly constitutes evidence one must realize how and were†¦show more content†¦Admissibility is the first step into understanding what is evidence, is everything that seems relevant to a case admissible, no. We can look to the United States Constitution and see that evidence uncovered regardless of how damaging done by unreasonable (unwarranted) seizures and searches can n ot be admitted into a court of law. This protection is granted in the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. So one may wonder if evidence must be admissible to be evidence then how is admissibility determined? Admissibility is determined either by, Federal Rules of Evidence (used for Federal Proceedings), or the State Rules of Evidence (state with jurisdiction). In establishing what evidence is admissible, many rules of evidence concentrate first on the relevancy of the offered evidence. Second, the rules of evidence concentrate on the method by which evidence was gathered to try and ensure evidence was gathered within the guidelines set forth for collecting and gathering evidence in a criminal trial. The United States Supreme Court has stated, What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. (Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 251 88S.Ct. 507, 19L.Ed. 576 1967). In certain circumsta nces law enforcement officers can obtain facts about someone by using opportunities to see, smell and hearShow MoreRelated2.3 Conclusion:. The Aim Of Criminal Law Is To Protect1463 Words   |  6 Pages2.3 Conclusion: The aim of criminal law is to protect the rights of the individuals and to safeguard the weak against the strong, law abiding against lawless and peaceful against violent. The state has prescribed certain rules of conduct, sanctions for their violations and machinery to enforce sanctions and procedure to protect that machinery. If men were angels no government would be necessary. Read MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1266 Words   |  6 Pages The criminal justice system in England and Wales is made up of multiple agencies which all have different responsibilities, however they share the main objective of maintaining and enforcing the rule of law. The International Bar Association (2005) describes the Rule of Law as ‘the foundation of a civilized society’ with a society’s formal response to crime being the responsibility of the criminal justice system ‘more specifically in terms of a series of decisions and actions being taken by a numberRead MoreCriminal Justice System and Process Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesas Criminal Law (Law Library, 2011). 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In the courtroom work group, there are three groups of people that hold the entire courtroom together. Without the work group, the courtroom would not flow, and coming to a conclusion to the case would not be as easy. The work group is made up of the Judge, the Defense Counsel and the Prosecution. They work togetherRead MoreCrime and the Criminal Justice System1111 Words   |  5 PagesCrime and the Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system and the process have molded the laws of the United States to its current existence. The judicial system is designed to punish those who commit crimes against one another and for those who break the laws in other ways. According to Pearson (2012), crime can be defined as conduct in violation of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. Pearson (2012)

Essay on Women In Art - 473 Words

Women throughout history, from the 1500’s till now have been looked at as objects. In the 1500’s during the time of the Renaissance woman were often portrayed in art in the nude. Curves at that time showed women as being goddess like. The more curvy and voluptuous you were the more beautiful men saw you. Artists who painted the female body were often commissioned by rich men to paint these paintings to hang in their houses. Women in this age are still portrayed in art in the nude. Mostly in nude magazines. Some people would consider these magazines to be vulgar and raw however men still look at these magazines for enjoyment making them a form of art. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In â€Å"Looking at Women†, by Scott Russell Sanders, he looks†¦show more content†¦It was pretty much his first experience looking at girl in a sexual way. Then he tells a story about how when he was in college his roommate had playmates plastered all over his walls. Sanders asks questions referring to his experiences like why do these women feel it necessary to pose nude for other people? And why do women buy expensive lingerie? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As we look at the past and the present, the questions that Sanders asks can be answered in many different ways. One possibility that women like to show their naked bodies to others goes way back in history and we see that they think it is beautiful and a form of art. The next question he asks about the lingerie coincides with his first question of why women show their bodies. He sort of responds to his own question by making statements like â€Å"These flimsy items cost more per ounce than truffles,† â€Å"Why, I wonder then and wonder still, do so many women decorate themselves as dolls?† These statements he makes, make me think that he does not like lingerie and when women show off their bodies, or maybe he really doesn’t understand why women adorn themselves so. I think that women must think that their bodies are beautiful and that they feel good about themselves when other people see them as being beautiful. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sanders essay asks many questions about a woman’s body and the way she chooses to use it and I think thatShow MoreRelatedBlack Women in Art1267 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Women in Art Historically and currently African American women use art as a way to express themselves, their emotions and as an act of resistance. In this paper, I will discuss the various ways two very influential artists, Laurie Cooper and Lorna Simpson, use imagery to uncover and forefront the various forms of oppression that affect their lives as African American women. 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It has not been created or submittedRead More Black Women in Art Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pages Black Women in Art Historically and currently African American women use art as a way to express themselves, their emotions and as an act of resistance. In this paper, I will discuss the various ways two very influential artists, Laurie Cooper and Lorna Simpson, use imagery to uncover and forefront the various forms of oppression that affect their lives as African American women. Since the late 1970s, African American art, as a form of self expression, explores issues which concern African peoplesRead MoreThe Art of beautiful women Essay610 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ The Art of Beautiful Women Introduction to Humanities, HUMN-303 Week 2 Proposal: I will attempt to display the comparison of the cultures that produce the Barbie doll and the cultures that produce the Venus de Willendorf. 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Advanced International Trade Theory and Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Advanced International Trade for Theory and Evidence. Answer: Introduction The biggest advantage that is associated with international trade relates to the benefits accumulating from territorial division of worker and global specialization. On the other hand, the increase in price will lead to more revenue from each purchase that an individual will make (Feenstra, 2015). The supplier of every product seeks to increase revenue either by lowering price or by increasing price. The circumstances under which suppliers takes the decision to lower the price of the product are as follows: If the suppliers lower the price of their products, customers will prefer to purchase those commodities who price have decreased as compared to other commodities. By lowering price, suppliers will be able to keep the cost of sales and number of sales constant. This will in turn capture the market share. Lowering of prices will lead to increase in revenue if the demand curve is perfectly inelastic The circumstances under which suppliers takes the decision to increase the price of the product are as follows: If the suppliers increase the price of a product, the amount of supply will also increase. In order to generate more revenue, the suppliers will produce more product ((Brogaard, Hendershott Riordan, 2014). A country is said to have absolute advantage if it specializes in the production of all commodities and services. The graph shows that there are two countries, such as Country A and Country B. According to the graph, Country A specializes in the production of oranges and on the other hand, country B specializes in the production of both the goods. As a result, country B produce all goods more economically as compared any other country, has no need to engage in trade. In other words, this country can produce a commodity with negligible amount of resources. The major reason for which the country does not require to engage in trade is that the country is completely endowed with all the resources (Seretis Tsaliki, 2015). It can be concluded that the countries that are not be able to produce all the products should get engaged in trade. References Brogaard, J., Hendershott, T., Riordan, R. (2014). High-frequency trading and price discovery. Review of Financial Studies, 27(8), 2267-2306. Feenstra, R. C. (2015).Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Seretis, S. A., Tsaliki, P. V. (2015). Absolute Advantage and International Trade Evidence from Four Euro-zone Economies.Review of Radical Political Economics, 0486613415603160.

Psychology Diverse Nature

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Diversity and Major Concepts Subcategories within Psychology Personal Theoretical Approach Conclusion References Abstract This paper will focus on the diverse nature of psychology and some important concepts associated with this field of study. In a bid to understand the diverse nature of psychology, two subcategories and examples will be analyzed. In addition, the major subtopics such as cognitive and behavioral psychology will be examined. This study will also reflect on the application of the various subtopics identified to other societal disciplines.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Psychology Diverse Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sub-disciplines identified will be applied to personal speculative perspectives and lastly the contribution of psychology to areas of work, health, and education. This paper will focus on the diverse nature of psychology as a discipline, its categories, sub-categories, and sub-disciplines. Introduction Psychology is a science-related discipline that entails cognition, emotion, human motivation, and behavior (Plante, 2011). The genesis of psychology can be traced back to the times of ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Socrates, and thus it has a philosophical background. Psychology later developed into a scientific field of its own towards the end of the 19th Century following the creation of the first psychological laboratory by a German psychologist, Wilhelm Wundt. According to Plante (2011), psychology can be broken into several subcategories some being concerned with experimental psychology, which is psychological science, and others concerned with the relevance of that science to real world situations. With time, psychology has encountered many challenges and diversification in its application. This paper will focus on the diverse nature of psychology as a discipline, its categories, s ub-categories, and sub-disciplines. Diversity and Major Concepts Psychology can be divided into several different major concepts. These concepts include clinical psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, biological psychology, and behavioral psychology among others. As noted, psychology is a wide field and as such, it is prudent to narrow down on the fundamental aspects of psychology, viz. behavioral, cognitive, and biological.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Behavioral psychology attempts to explain the reasoning that influences certain individual behaviors. The major concept of behaviorism falls under behavioral psychology. It can be approached from different perspectives, thus making it the most popular concept within psychology. An individual’s behavior can be informed by different factors including environmental, genetics, or personal experiences. Abada a nd Gillespie (2007) posit that family background has a huge impact on a person’s behavior because most children copy their parents and relatives’ behaviors when growing up. The subtopics of behaviorism include aggression, cheating, and binge drinking. These characters define one’s behavior. Biological psychology explains the various differences in genetic traits. These aspects can include things like black hair from the paternal side, blue eyes from the maternal side, or even ears that resemble the aunt. Genes differ from one individual to the other (Hollenstein Crowell, 2014). For example, in a family setting, two children from the same parents can have different characters and traits as obtained from a relative within the family tree, thus bringing in aspects such as body weight and height. Cognitive psychology focuses on how people recognize and process information. A person’s neuropsychological setting influences this aspect (Kowaski Westen, 2011). It informs how an individual’s cognitive processes are formed coupled with trying to change behaviors that do not conform. The major concept of cognition falls under this cognitive psychology. The subtopics of cognition include cognitive dissonance and false memories. Subcategories within Psychology Psychology is a diverse field with different layers of sub-categories. These subcategories include child psychology and social psychology. Child psychology is the most diverse between the two because it covers all the major concepts in psychology. Social psychology is centered on behavioral aspects, but it provides a unique approach to the diversity of psychology. Child psychology examines the factors that affect a child’s mental and physical development during growth. This aspect includes childhood behavior. During development, children can be faced with problems that may need the intervention of a psychologist. Just like adults, children undergo phases of stress, depressi on, parenting problems, or peer pressure-related issues.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Psychology Diverse Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to ensure that they go back to normal behavior, a child psychologist is called upon to address the issue. The child psychologist can apply specific techniques such as family counseling or even putting the child under medication to arrest the situation. This aspect helps the children to develop normally from an early age by correcting them. According to the American Psychological Association (2013), social psychology is concerned with the effects of individuals to one another coupled with how they are affected by their social and environmental surroundings. The uniqueness of social psychology is that people have different cultures, skin colors, beliefs, shapes, and sizes. Social psychology explains the different choices that an individual makes when pres ented with such an opportunity, for example, when shopping in a supermarket and choosing among the different brands. Personal Theoretical Approach An approach is based on assumptions due to human behavior, the aspects of human behavior to be studied and the research methods and techniques to be used to study such behavior (McLeod, 2007). Therefore, an assumption is composed of different unique theories within an approach. The theoretical perspective applied here borrows from behavioral psychology. As discussed above, the behavioral theory is a category of psychology focused on an individual’s lessons from his/her environment. These lessons can be acquired through learning or reinforcement. The behavioral theory is based on two foundations, viz. classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning can influence the way people respond to emotions. In classical conditioning, an individual responds to stimuli and learns this response by being constantly associa ted with it. The development of operant conditioning is attributed to Skinner. In this form of conditioning, the behavior of a person is explained by his or her motives. Every individual has a reason behind why he or she does something. The reasons behind it may be driven by the need to seek attention, acquire something, or even cause pain and suffering to another individual.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, in a bid to motivate the behavior of such a person, punishment, positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement are applied. However, every individual has the free will to make individual choices, and as such, behavior is not necessarily due to conditioning, but individual choices. Conclusion Psychology is a diverse field with different concepts and subsections. Research is continuing to try to understand human behavior. As such, psychology will continue to evolve, thus bringing forth more strengths and weaknesses. Moving forward, the application of theoretical perspectives will be needed to understand the diversity of certain human behaviors that continue changing with time. Behavioral psychology can be used to rehabilitate juveniles doing probation work. Using operant conditioning with positive and negative reinforcements, the offender can be put on a gradual recovery process. This task may be executed by encouraging him/her to adopt a positive attitude and thinking. If that fails, the last resort would be the application of punitive measures. However, punishment should not be adopted as a first approach since it can hinder the overall rehabilitation process and push the offender to worse crimes. References Abada, T., Gillespie, M. (2007). Family diversity and children’s behavioral outcomes in Canada: From structure to process. Sociological Focus, 40(4), 413-435. American Psychological Association: Society for personality and social psychology. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/division/div8 Hollenstein, T Crowell, S 2014, Whither Concordance? Autonomic Psychophysiology and the Behaviors and Cognitions of Emotional Responsivity. Biological Psychology, 98, 1-94. Kowaski, R., Westen, D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. McLeod, S. (2007). Psychology perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/perspective.html Plante, T. (2011). Contemporary Clinical Psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. 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